鰻苗、消毒與孵化率

希望真的有用!~!!

Aquaculture

Volumes 426–427, 20 April 2014, Pages 1–8

Microbial interference and potential control in culture of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) embryos and larvae

• Sune Riis Sørensen^a, , , 
• Peter V. Skov^b, 
• Peter Lauesen^c, 
• Jonna Tomkiewicz^a, 
• Peter Bossier^d,
• Peter De Schryver^d

Highlights

•

European eel larviculture suffers from unpredictability in egg and larval quality.

•

Microbial interference was found to affect European eel egg and larvae production.

•

We emphasise the importance of microbial management during egg and larval incubation.

---

Abstract

Recent experimental research applying hormonally induced maturation in European eel has resulted in production of viable eggs and yolk-sac larvae. However, present incubation and larval rearing conditions are suboptimal and few larvae survive until onset of first feeding. The aim of this work was to investigate if high mortality during egg incubation and larval culture resulted from microbial interference. By suppressing microbial coverage and activity on fertilised eel eggs using antibiotic and disinfection treatment, egg hatching success and larval longevity were significantly improved. A new approach based on scanning electron microscopy was developed to quantify microbial coverage of eggs. Measurements of microbial coverage in combination with growth curves of egg-associated bacteria indicated that microbial activity rather than physical coverage led to reduced hatch success. In addition, an inverse relationship between microbial coverage of eggs and larval survival indicated that attachment of micro-organisms on the egg surface during the last 24 h of incubation affected later larval survival. These results suggest that microbial control through application of egg surface disinfection in combination with microbial management will be fundamental for improved post-hatch larval survival.

Keywords

• Bacteria; 
• Biofilm; 
• Chorion; 
• Larval rearing; 
• Egg incubation leptocephalus

日本今年夏天成鰻市場價格依然維持高檔

日本今年夏天成鰻市場價格依然維持高檔

繼台灣與中國大陸陸續呈現鰻苗豐收現象後，日本在2013年末、2014初之大潮期結束後，每個產地也聽見各式各樣的漁獲豐收之消息。日本國內養鰻池之入池放養也隨之順利展開，迄2013年12月24日為止，根據業界團體之調查顯示，已有4公噸的入池量，比2012年倍增，雖然來不及供給今年伏天丑（盛夏）商戰，但是秋天成鰻生產產量增加已可確定。鰻魚是日本特有的一年生養殖品種，若要在晚夏到秋天出貨成鰻供給市場需求的話，在每年1月中旬至少必須有7-10公噸之入池量，但這是過去數年鰻苗漁況不佳的說法，今年到時有超過10公噸入池量之趨勢，即使較慢進入漁期的日本宮崎縣，也在2013年末之大潮後，漁況有好轉之趨勢，其經由鰻苗協議會交易之鰻苗到1月7日已有180公斤，但距漁期結束還有兩個多月，所以已超過去年整個漁期之170公斤鰻苗漁獲量，且今年捕獲之鰻苗1公斤約有5,500尾（平常1公斤約有5,000尾），魚苗健康而有活力。銷售價格在海邊之行情是1公斤60萬日圓，不到去年四分之一，因為不滿價格暴跌，而經由黑市管道買賣者不在少數，估計是經由鰻苗協議會交易量之數倍。 　　另一方面，台灣鰻苗漁期雖然已接近尾聲，但一天內仍有30公斤之採捕量，據進口業者表示，中國大陸每天也有350公斤之採捕量，因此鰻苗之價格行情持續疲軟，甚至已跌至歐洲鰻價格之水準以下，這些鰻線除經香港輸往日本外，其國內之入池量也順利進行中，甚至一些被廢棄養殖池數量減少也有再度增加之現象。然而，台灣與中國大陸也是一年的養殖週期，其成鰻上市也是今年年末，對日本最需要之今年夏季市場之活鰻、加工鰻幫助不大，即夏季日本活鰻市場之供給量還是太少而維持高價格水準之行情是不變的。

（許金漢，摘譯自日刊水產經濟新聞，10 January 2014）

Cilostazol 的副作用，鰻魚也有!

Review: could Cilostazol cause High blood sugar?

(By eHealthMe on Mar, 3, 2014)

Severity ratings: 4.0/4
On a scale of 1 to 4: 1=least, 2=moderate, 3=severe, 4=most severe

We study 2,310 people who take Cilostazol. Among them, 33 have High blood sugar. See who they are, when they have High blood sugar and more. This review is based on reports from FDA and social media, and is updated regularly.

For patients like me, how are my drugs? On eHealthMe, you can research 300 million drug outcomes from FDA and social media. We use data reported since 1977 till to date. All studies are personalized to gender and age. Start now >>>

Cilostazol

Cilostazol (latest outcomes from 2,338 users) has active ingredients of cilostazol. It is often used in arteriosclerosis of the extremities. Commonly reported side effects of Cilostazol include hypotension, fall, weakness, pneumonia, fever.

High blood sugar

High blood sugar (high blood sugar) (latest reports from 138,937 patients) has been reported by people with high blood pressure, diabetes, type 2 diabetes, depression, bipolar disorder.

On Feb, 10, 2014: 2,310 people reported to have side effects when taking Cilostazol. Among them, 30 people (1.30%) have High Blood Sugar.

Time on Cilostazol when people have High blood sugar * :

	< 1 month	1 - 6 months	6 - 12 months	1 - 2 years	2 - 5 years	5 - 10 years	10+ years
High blood sugar	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	100.00%	0.00%	0.00%

Gender of people who have High blood sugar when taking Cilostazol * :

	Female	Male
High blood sugar	30.00%	70.00%

Age of people who have High blood sugar when taking Cilostazol * :

	0-1	2-9	10-19	20-29	30-39	40-49	50-59	60+
High blood sugar	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	12.00%	16.00%	72.00%

Severity of High blood sugar when taking Cilostazol ** :

	least	moderate	severe	most severe
High blood sugar	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	100.00%

cilostazol 對鰻魚人工催熟卵巢初期發育的影響

發表於 2014 年 The Asia and Oceania Society for the Comparative Endocrinology (AOSCE) 會議

 

 

Effects of the Cilostazol (a specific phosphodiesterase type Ⅲ inhibitor) on primary-secondary oocyte development in the induced Japanese eel

 

Zhu C.-W. ¹, Lee Y.-H. ², Chang C.-F. ³ and Huang Y.-S.¹*

1Depart. Life Sci., Natl. Univ. of Kaoshiung, Taiwan. 2 Tungkang Biotech. Res. Center, TFRI., Taiwan. 3 Depart, Aquaculture, Natl. Taiwan Ocean Univ., Keelung, Taiwan.

e-mail: yshuang@nuk.edu.tw

 

The stimulatory effects of gonadotropins upon ovarian development are provoked by the intracellular cAMP production in mammals. Cilostazol (Pletal®) is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type III (PDE3, mainly located in mammalian ovarian follicle cells) and mediates its effects by increasing cellular cAMP levels. Furthermore, cilostazol-induced vasculo-angiogenesis effects have also been shown, but there is no data on its effects in fish. We address this question in the Japanese eel, since its ovarian development could be manipulated to study if cilostazol can ameliorate induced ovarian development or reinforce ovarian angiogenesis. Eels were treated with salmon pituitary extracts (SPE), cilostazol (cilo), or the combination (SPE+cilo) twice a week for 6 weeks. In the end, the ovarian tissues, gas glands, and blood of treated eels were sampled. The data showed that the GSI (gonadal index) and RMSI (gas glands index) were both stimulated by SPE while the levels of blood glucose (BG) significantly (x2.5) stimulated in the SPE+cilo group uniquely as compared with the controls; the positive effect of SPE or cilo alone on RMSI was showed, an added positive effect on RMSI was seen in the SPE+cilo group; the positive effect of SPE on GSI seemed inhibited by cilo, more interesting, cilo alone inhibited GSI significantly (x0.75) as compared with the controls. The distributions of oocyte diameters in each group were tested, cilo alone inhibited maximal oocyte diameters as compared with the controls, and the positive effect of SPE on maximal oocyte diameters was also inhibited by cilo. Our results suggested that a continuing administration of PDE3 inhibitor had inhibitory effects on the induced ovarian development in the Japanese eel, and intracellular cAMP levels seem to be temporal and spatial regulated in the eel ovarian follicles.                         

 

Keyword: Anguilla japonica, development, oocyte, phosphodiesterase inhibitor,

EEL GENOME SYMPOSIUM 2014