Thursday, July 18, 2019

阿咪13歲生日快樂

祝 阿咪13歲生日快樂🎂
Bon anniversaire🎉
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阿咪吃了13年的偉嘉乾乾
但是健康報告比爸爸還要好!?
覺得可能跟喜歡喝魚缸水有關係
補充水份跟維他命礦物質之類之類
週年紀念也是要來一罐偉嘉罐罐
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健康的老阿咪👴🏻
要繼續快快樂樂曬太陽呼嚕呼嚕蹭蹭蹭


日本對鰻的獨有情鍾

臺灣水產電子報 2019/07/14
《東京通訊》日本對鰻的獨有情鍾 @ 吳佳瑞
七月份有來日本的朋友們,不知道有沒有注意到到處都在賣鰻飯,或看到相關的廣告。自己跟鰻魚有很大的緣分,以前在鹿港讀水產養殖科時,鹿港以前就是台灣養鰻的一大產地之一,也曾在鹿港水產試驗分所待過一大段時光,鹿港水產試驗分所,也是台灣研究鰻魚繁養殖的重要機構,在那的時光接觸不少鰻魚,學習了不少鰻魚的知識。
台灣是很早從事鰻魚養殖,在世界中應該是數一數二的,但鰻魚大多以活鰻或是加工後出口為主,台灣反而比較少會特別去吃鰻魚,提到鰻魚大家一定會想到的是日本,台灣出口的鰻魚也以出口日本為主,鰻魚對日本確實很重要,日本一般民眾食用淡水養殖魚類極少,5根手指頭數的出來(5根手指可能還有點多),鰻魚是其中之一,也是日本食用頻率最多的淡水魚類之一,再加上文化風俗關係,日本人對鰻魚可說是十分的重視,所以當鰻苗補貨量減少時,官方相關單位可說是十分的緊張,甚至每年鰻苗的採捕季節都是即時報導日本各地的捕獲數量跟狀況,日本也是最積極研究人工繁殖,並最終目標要達到完全養殖的國家,因為日本鰻對日本來說太重要了。
回到開頭說的,7月份可說是日本吃鰻的季節,超市的魚鮮販賣區會擺放鰻魚模型以促銷鰻魚,便利商店會推出鰻魚飯預購的型錄,甚至很多便利商店也都會在這時候推出鰻魚飯的微波便當,連鎖飲食店也會特別在這時候推出鰻魚飯,像我前幾天去松屋吃飯,也看到他們也推出鰻飯,吉野家,食宜家(すきや)都有推出,すきや平時就在賣饅飯,這家我蠻推薦的,便宜又好吃,在日本處處都有銷售廣告,不斷提醒你要記得吃鰻魚,最近,台灣食宜家也開始推出鰻飯。
吃鰻飯,有點像台灣人在端午節要吃粽子,元宵要吃湯圓,中秋要吃月餅那樣。
今年7月27日是日本的『土用の丑の日』,日本人這一天就想到要吃鰻魚,這牽扯到四季季節變化跟天干地支,挺複雜的,在這不多做解釋,這我也懂得不多,有興趣的懂點日文的下面連結有詳細的說明可以去看看,簡單的說,這日子前18天就已經開始,到這一天結束是吃鰻魚的最好的日子,可以讓後面的一整年元氣百倍,所以7月開始就很多地方,都會賣饅魚相關料理,到處都有,保證不怕你找不到鰻魚。有時我在想我住的千葉這邊看到銷售的廣告就這麼多,賣的店家這麼多,這才是日本的一個小角落,7月份整個日本需要的鰻魚量應該是很可觀 !
延伸閱讀 : 1.日本養殖新聞 blog http:unaginews.blog.so- net.ne.jp/
2.郭河編著 養鰻透視 1994年 水產出版社
2019年(令和元年)の土用はいつ??土用の丑の日は
https://gotan.club/…/2019%E5%B9%B4%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%9F%E7%94…/

Sunday, July 14, 2019

Sensitivities of Japanese eel primary ovary on exogenous androgen – correlated with ovarian neuropeptides and their receptors?












Sensitivities of Japanese eel primary ovary on exogenous androgen correlated with ovarian neuropeptides and their receptors?

Yung-Sen Huanga*, Chung-Yen Linb
a Department Life Science, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
b Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.

In mammals, the ovary and the central nervous system through the autonomic pathways is connected, the evidences highlight the role of the superior ovarian nerve (SON) in the ovarian phenomena in rats. Furthermore, effects on the ovary of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides have been found in this organ. If the development of eel ovary was more like to organogesis, the role of angiogenic growth factors in organogenesis has been reviewed, angiogenesis and neurogenesis are coupled processes, VEGF stimulates neurogenesis, vice versa, the vascular cells are also responsive to neurotrophins. In the eel (Anguilla spp.), the positive effect of androgens on the primary ovarian development is established in the last years, but there are few data to elucidate how is this stimulatory effect to exerting. Indeed, by decreasing ovarian PTEN/PTEN levels or by stimulating follicular FSH receptor expression has been documented in the eel by exogenous androgens. In the Mammal, androgens have been shown to stimulate ovarian granulosa cell proliferation, to increase FSHR, and to decrease AMH, furthermore, to down-regulate TGFβ ligands as well as the receptors has also been reported. Actually, in the eel, the variations on exogenous androgen-induced effect in a population is obvious.
The aims of this study are: (1) to explore what caused the variation on exogenous androgen-induced effect; (2) to understand the correlation between gene background pattern and positive effect of exogenous androgen-induced effects based on expression patterns of ovarian neuropeptide receptors, growth factor receptors, and angiogenic as well as neurogenic factors; (3) to find plausible biological markers to predict the results of eel artificial maturation-induce process.
Pond-cultured Japanese eels with similar body weight (c.a. 650 g, n= 7) were operated to sample ovarian tissues before androgen (MT) implant-treatment (to minimalize the injection-procedure-related stress), then, after 4 weeks, ovarian tissues were collected. Sampled ovarian tissues were stored in the liquid nitrogen. The effect of MT on ovarian development was evaluated based on the increase of egg diameter before and after the treatment in the same individual. The ones with a significant difference on egg diameter were selected, and the paired sampled tissues RNAs were sequenced, transcriptome was made of total RNA-Seq analyzes both coding and multiple forms of noncoding RNA. By the way, the Japanese eel genome has been assembled from the blood of female yellow one. By taking 1,211 scaffolds in length larger than 100Kb, these scaffolds can composite 92% of Japanese eel genome. The transcriptome information of 16,104 annotation genes from three paired ones was implemented into a web database (http://molas.iis.sinica.edu.tw/jpeel).
The results indicated that: (1) The positive effects of MT might be in vain if, in the begin, the egg diameter was small than 0.10 mm. (2) By cluster analysis and based on heatmap method, the ones in the same clade had a similar phenotype, although the pattern of heatmap was not identical, and the certain genes seemed to correlate to the androgen stimulatory effects by Venn diagram method. (3) correlation between the patterns of gene expressions of those growth factors as well as their receptors and the phenotype were not totally coincided with.
Our report based on the exploring data from a transcriptome leads arguments that: (1) the importance of various gene isoforms on a biological process, especially in the Teleost; (2) the importance of basal gene expression levels, of induced gene expression ones, or that of gene expression fold-changes; (3) the importance of the understanding of whole genome on NGS and on gene annotation; (4) the importance of new mathematics or/and statistics, and bio informatics methods on biological studies. (5) the importance of complexity in a small, compact, high efficient cell/tissue.

Tuesday, July 09, 2019

The greatest wildlife crime on the planet

'The greatest wildlife crime on the planet'

9th July 2019
Zac Goldsmith releasing eels
Conservative MP Zac Goldsmith joins the Sustainable Eel Group to showcase the barriers to eel conservation.
Zac Goldsmith, Conservative MP and the government’s Illegal Wildlife Trade Conference champion, released European eels into the Thames to highlight the plight of the endangered species.
The number of eels reaching Europe has declined by 90 percent since the 1970s and the species is now classified as critically endangered by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
This population decline can be attributed to habitat destruction and man-made barriers, such as weirs and dams, with the vast illegal trade of European eels undermining species recovery.
Illicit trade
300 to 350 million European eels are illegally trafficked every year from Europe to Asia, accounting for almost one quarter of the total number of glass eels (juvenile eels) entering European waters every year, according to Europol. The illicit trade has been estimated to be worth approximately €3 billion every year
Zac Goldsmith, Conservative MP for Richmond Park and Kingston North and a former editor of The Ecologist, commented: “It is shocking to hear that at least 300 million European eels are trafficked every year.
"It is the greatest wildlife crime on the planet by value, air miles and volume but the least well known. It is therefore vital that we speed up progress on tackling this illicit trade.
"I must praise Andrew and the Sustainable Eel Group on the work they are doing to help with the recovery of this precious species, most noticeably their collaborative approach to tackling this shocking wildlife crime.”
Andrew Kerr, Chairman of the Sustainable Eel Group, said: “The European eel has been declining for at least a century and very rapidly for the 30 years to 2010 - so much so that it was listed as critically endangered.
"However, at the 2019 SEG Conference it became clear that a turning point has been reached and conservation efforts are having a positive impact. This is the first sign of hope and we must now redouble our efforts to save the eel.”
Flagship operation
The eel release follows on from a world exclusive press conference held last week at SEG’s 10 Year Anniversary Event with Europol, UK National Wildlife Crime Unit and Spain’s Nature Protection Service (SEPRONA).
Revealing the latest update on the counter trafficking of the endangered European eel, Europol enforcers announced that 15 million endangered European eels have been seized so far this 2018/2019 season, with 153 arrests across the EU. This is a 50 percent increase in arrests for this illegal wildlife crime since last season. 
Jose Antonio Alfaro Moreno from EUROPOL said: “This is our flagship operation in terms of environmental crime. All the arrests mentioned are in Europe with the majority from Spain, France and Portugal.
"The main actions have been taken from SEPRONA, they have led the way in Europe along with the Portuguese and French authorities. However, there are also 5 ongoing criminal cases in the USA carried out by the US Fish and Wildlife Service involving the illegal import of eel meat coming from Asia containing DNA of the European Eel. 
"Glass eels are trafficked out of the EU, put into eel farms in Asia and then sent back to the US, Canada and the EU which is how we can track the DNA. The development of this technology being used in monitoring the DNA of the eel has allowed us to prove that the European eel is coming from Asia. We have also collaborated with the EU Enforcement Group and the EU Food Fraud Network.
Criminal networks
Jose continued: "The people arrested in Europe are poachers, mules and members from other criminal networks. We have focused not just looking at trafficking glass eels as a single issue, but the wider criminal networks.
"Year after year, more countries are joining our actions. For example, this year we are carrying out more work in Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Switzerland and Macedonia.
"For the next season, we want to follow the line of the inquiry into eel meat production in Asia and DNA traces. With this, we expect more countries to get involved with high ambition for action.
"The criminal groups learn and develop their methods, so Europol need to stay one step ahead.”
This Article 
This article is based on a press release from the Sustainable Eel Group. 

Sunday, July 07, 2019

Anguilla anguilla larvae older than 30 days

Great news from our lab! 💪💪.
 Again larvae older than 30 days
 Again we could test different types of nutricion
 Again larvae that have eaten something
Aquamanager Camillo Rosso: "Record survival is not our priority anymore. Now the priority is using the larvae for feeding trials. The process is under control and every few weeks we can test feeding trials.
We are close in reaching the most important milestone for this year. Milestone 5: structural 14dph larvae survival."

Wednesday, June 26, 2019

2019 法國高中畢業會考,哲學科

【TEWA新聞 /2019.06.17】法國高中畢業會考,哲學科考試開跑(le Bac Philo)
法國高中畢業會考哲學科考試(le Bac Philo)週一(6/17)早上八點正式舉行,文理組考生可從三題中擇一答題,必須在四小時內完成。考生必須懂得建構自己的論述,閱卷老師會針對考生的思辨行文與知識程度給分。
法國各大媒體披露今年考題,提供可能的答題方向,請見文末附錄(法文版)。
------2019各組考題:
【文組】
 
1-是否可能避開時間的影響呢?
2-去解釋藝術作品意涵能有什麼用處嗎 ?
3-請評論德國哲學家黑格爾(Hegel)著作「法哲學」(1820)節錄部分
>文組第一題答題方式建議 (法國哲學家Vincent Cespedes解題)
(編註 :échapper au temps可解釋成避開時間因素的影響或限制,或全神貫注時忘卻時間等)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkpsWcVQyJ8
【理組】
 
1-文化的多樣性是否有礙人類之間的調和與統合 (l'unité)?
2-認知自己的義務,是否等同放棄自身之自由 ?
3-請評論佛洛伊德著作「幻象之未來」(L’Avenir d’une illusion,1927) 節錄部分
【社會與經濟組】
 
1-道德是否為施政最重要因素 ?
2-工作是否分化人們 ?
3-請評論德國哲學家萊布尼茲(Leibniz)著作「評笛卡爾原理概論」節錄部分
【技職教育組】
 
1-能交換的物件才有價值嗎?
2-法律能讓我們幸福嗎 ?
3-請評論法國哲學家蒙田(Montaigne)著作「蒙田隨筆集」(1580)節錄部分
-------- 2019 le Bac Philo文組第一題 (法國世界報提供):
===「是否可能避開時間的影響呢? 」===
1-人們無法避開時間的影響:
A) 人類生命有限
B) 人讓時間這個概念得以存在
2-我們無法阻止時間流逝:
A) 有可能對抗時間消逝
B) 有可能創造永恆的事物
3-有人可能因為不免一死而感到無力,但我們可以避免沉浸在這類情緒之中:
A) 我們有可能不去想死亡這件事
B) 死亡讓我們意識到可以好好地生活下去
結論 :
我們無法避免面對死亡,但我們可以避開因死亡而帶來的憂傷與無力感,好好地享受我們有限的人生。
>法國世界報(le Monde)其他哲學考題論述可能方向:
https://www.lemonde.fr/…/bac-philo-2019-decouvrez-les-sujet…
>法國費加洛報(le Figaro)2019年高中畢業會考哲學考題解析
https://etudiant.lefigaro.fr/…/bac-2019-decouvrez-tous-les…/
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>>>【公民的搖籃——法國高中哲學教育觀察】/想想論壇
"...根據法國教育部擬定的大綱,哲學課的目的是「培養學生的批判性思維,並建立理性分析座標以領悟時代的意義」,一言以蔽之,就是要培養具備知識性與當代性的公民。因為哲學教育,在法國的高中課程中,顯然可見一種對於知識份子的期許。教育所為何事?在文憑與就業之外,我們看到值得台灣欣羨之處。
台灣不只缺乏哲學的傳統,更缺乏哲學教育的土壤。法國的哲學教育之所以能擔負公民搖籃的責任,是因為教育目的在此。以目前台灣對教育的普遍想像,若將哲學納入中學課程,只不過是增加一門記憶負擔罷了。"
https://www.thinkingtaiwan.com/content/179