2018年國內外情報39-12月19日

【2018年度日本國內外情報39-12月19日-】2017年12月19日

⭕日本國內及台灣、中國都正在經歷前所未有的鰻魚苗歉收的經驗，昨晩中國只有2-3kg、台灣2kg前後、日本則只有幾百公克而已？（業者說）每個地方的捕撈量都不成數量的少。因為鰻苗短缺，只有流通價格是獨步飆高。(問了國內外各主要產區的情況，回答的都是一樣的抓不到或是沒有鰻苗這類的話。
△△其他的資訊再報

奇跡の森研究所 ウナギの卵でサプリ

2017年12月06日 前へ｜ 次へ 

奇跡の森研究所　ウナギの卵でサプリ

　伊藤沖縄奇跡の森研究所（沖縄県国頭郡大宜味村、伊藤周治社長）は、早稲田大学ナノ・ライフ創新研究機構の矢澤一良教授などとの共同研究成果を生かし、ウナギの卵をサプリメントとして、事業化することを決めた。生体防御や余分な脂肪分の燃焼促進の新機能が見つかったことや、雌ウナギの大量飼育技術が確立できたことから事業進出する。卵の量産施設を同大宜味村に設置し、供給に向けた準備に取りかかっており、近日中に試験販売を開始する予定。

(http://www.kagakukogyonippo.com/headline/2017/12/06-31963.html)

鰻苗情報 ○30 ー12 月 7日

臺灣水產電子報2017/12/08

【日本國內外鰻苗情報】 訊息來源：日本養殖新聞

【2018201820182018年度日本國內外鰻苗情報 ○30 ー12 月 7日】 2017201720172017年 12 月 7日
⭕台灣，下周要是鰻苗再不進來會就真的抓到 ?!
⭕中國，福建省北部霞浦、長楽等地充滿期待！

⭕日本國内，下周末開始的暗夜大潮 (16(16(16-19 日)會真的進入正式漁期嗎？
⭕台灣、日本國内及中国都一樣，昨晚的捕撈結果幾乎是零 台灣、日本國内及中国都一樣，昨晚的捕撈結果幾乎是零 台灣、日本國内及中国都一樣，昨晚的捕撈結果幾乎是零 台灣、日本國内及中国都一樣，昨晚的捕撈結果幾乎是零 台灣、日本國内及中国都一樣，昨晚的捕撈結果幾乎是零 台灣、日本國内及中国都一樣，昨晚的捕撈結果幾乎是零 !也就是說，全部加起 也就是說，全部加起 也就是說，全部加起 也就是說，全部加起 來看有 沒1公斤的捕撈量，業者說 公斤的捕撈量，業者說 公斤的捕撈量，業者說 「因為潮水的關係，我們 「因為潮水的關係，我們 「因為潮水的關係，我們 預測要開始有捕獲 量，應該從下周開始吧 !」離現在還有一段時間，目前捕撈條件不成熟你認 為呢 ?

目前的捕撈量，台灣約 30 公斤 (北部宜蘭 北部宜蘭 20 多公斤，南部屏東、新北 市多公斤，南部屏東、新北 市淡水河都在 2公斤左右，其他就是花蓮縣了 )，數量完全還不到水準。中國才剛 開始捕撈，就算有也是約 2-3公斤 (大部分是以福建霞浦為中心，每天全區域 都有幾千尾的收穫 ?) 。日本國內數量就更少了 。日本國內數量就更少了 。日本國內數量就更少了 (只有關東的利根川而已吧 ?) ，以上 是徵詢國內外鰻苗的集貨業者們看法。

△台灣的鰻苗漁季開始已經一個月以上了。但是，有別於去年好成績像 △台灣的鰻苗漁季開始已經一個月以上了。但是，有別於去年好成績像 △台灣的鰻苗漁季開始已經一個月以上了。但是，有別於去年好成績像 △台灣的鰻苗漁季開始已經一個月以上了。但是，有別於去年好成績像 △台灣的鰻苗漁季開始已經一個月以上了。但是，有別於去年好成績像 △台灣的鰻苗漁季開始已經一個月以上了。但是，有別於去年好成績像 △台灣的鰻苗漁季開始已經一個月以上了。

但是，有別於去年好成績像 這樣的捕撈量還真是記憶裡沒有過經驗，台灣北部宜蘭頭城達人漁民說道。 這樣的捕撈量還真是記憶裡沒有過經驗，台灣北部宜蘭頭城達人漁民說道。 這樣的捕撈量還真是記憶裡沒有過經驗，台灣北部宜蘭頭城達人漁民說道。 這樣的捕撈量還真是記憶裡沒有過經驗，台灣北部宜蘭頭城達人漁民說道。 他又說 「去年 12 月中旬，單我自己所捕撈 的量就超過 150 萬尾 .。相對的，今 。相對的，今 年到 現在只有抓2萬數千尾。會不是鰻苗沒有 游來台灣海域呢 !」感嘆漁期 一開始漁況就不佳。

△幾天前北部宜蘭頭城沿海抓到的鰻苗，體型 1公斤

日本在11月上旬，提請臺灣方面思考有關鰻苗出口解禁的議題

靜岡新聞 (2017/12/6 07:30)
鰻魚稚魚的交易 根絕闇黑「香港路徑」 日臺輸出解禁急迫

日本種鰻魚的稚魚(鰻苗)同樣都禁止出口的日本及臺灣的業者們，正針對再次輸出的方向進行協商。從臺灣經由香港然後到日本，這條鰻苗走私的「香港路徑」已經被視為國際問題了 ，所以「日臺之間若直接交易，不就沒有走私了」的說法，使得出口解禁更顯得急迫了。華盛頓條約將在2年後舉行，想透過流通透明化的宣傳，來逃避各國的批判。

根據水產廳的說法，日本是從1976年禁止出口的。當時是為了確保國內日益減少的鰻苗，同時也要防止從臺灣進口便宜的養殖鰻魚，以使價格合理化。然而臺灣在2007年以報復性的禁止出口反撲，使得臺灣鰻苗必須透過香港走私至有高度需求的日本。這條香港路徑，目前依然存在，也是鰻魚資源管理最大的妨礙。

日本在11月上旬，提請臺灣方面思考有關鰻苗出口解禁的議題。根據相關人士的說法，日本在進口鰻苗時，將添附臺灣的產地證明書設定為必要條件，經由香港所購入的鰻苗將不予承認。出口至臺灣的鰻苗，以近幾年的漁獲量為基礎，推定約年間3噸(1公斤=5000尾)數量，如果是歉收的年度則以一定量的黑子出口以為替代方案。

臺灣目前有一部分的養殖業者們對於出口再開的議題，似有難色，對於未來走向仍不透明。日台兩國政府如果要辦理出口解禁的手續，因為「必須獲得民間業者的同意」(業者說)，所以日臺業者仍需繼續協商。

「香港路徑」被向來以限制國際交易來保護生物物種的華盛頓條約締盟國會議視為問題之一，當不正當的走私及黑市交易等被公開出來，鰻魚的進出口貿易被限制的可能性極高。明年夏天華盛頓公約會議的關係國家將聚集召開委員會，一直與臺灣交涉的全日本持續的養鰻機構白石嘉男會長(吉田町)說「希望早日將香港路徑的問題解決，以流通透明化來昭示各國」。

＜備忘錄＞
根據水產廳表示，去年11月至今年4月日本的入池量為19.6噸。期中進口苗4.1噸，主要都是香港進口。但是，香港並沒有抓鰻苗，所以是從臺灣等地走私鰻苗至日本，因為如此所以後面被指責的聲音不絕於耳。

另外，入池量扣掉進口量有15.5噸，應該就是國內捕撈量了，但是同時期各都道府縣的呈報捕撈量為8.4噸。剩下的7噸不是捕撈業者少報、沒有報告，就是偷捕等，違法交易流通的可能性極高。針對包含走私等鰻苗的非法流通，國際社會嚴厲的目光正注視著。

鰻苗情報○27ー12月4日

【2018年度日本國內外鰻苗情報○27ー12月4日ー】 2017年12月4日
⭕台灣 不知是否是月夜大潮的前兆?! 鰻苗船、定置網、手撈都開始有捕到鰻苗了，總共約3公斤左右。
⭕日本國內 關東利根川、九十九里及東海濱名湖等地、遠州灘依然持續抓不到苗的狀態。
🔻日本國內 △浜名湖、解禁之後，10張定置網，只抓到2尾。△天龍川，根據當地業者表示，解禁後的第一天，約30艘船出去作業，可能是因為月夜大潮的原因吧!完全抓不到。前晚跟昨晚不論出去多少船，也是同樣沒有抓到。看來，現在因為是潮水的原因，星期二之後應該多少會稍微變好吧!!漁民說「連海外都不行了，感覺氣氛很凝重的」，似乎已經覺悟到短時間內是抓不到苗的。△遠州灘等地，根據組合表示，從各地傳來的消息都是抓不到。
△利根川、九十九里等地，情報很少，隔日再報。
🔻台灣 △北部宜蘭縣 前晚持續的海上風浪強勁，無法捕撈。不過，昨晚天氣回復，在不抱期待的心情中有20多艘船出海。但是，也許是月夜大潮的因素，黑潮壓境，海上作業船隻，每艘船都有許久沒有的300-600尾的捕撈量。昨晚宜蘭全區域推論約有3公斤的捕撈量。有感覺漁況越來越好吧?!預測今晚應該會有相當數量的船出去做業吧!有業者強調，大家關心的宜蘭縣自從解禁以來的捕撈量不知有沒有20公斤，這種水準是前無僅有的。
此外，△南部屏東縣，當地業者說，因為都抓不到的關係，所以一直都只有10多艘船出去作業。結果是每艘船約10-20尾，到目前為止，總共有2公斤左右的捕撈量。
△新北市的北淡水河，有5-6艘船出去，每艘船約100尾。截至目前的總逋撈量還在2公斤以下。△東部花蓮縣，從開始至今完全沒有展露頭角，現階段總捕撈量只有1000尾前後。
✳本週一開始，中南部嘉義布袋沿岸早早就確認漁影了。儘管主要縣市的漁況還沒進入正式的漁季，但是漁場已經擴及台東縣及嘉義縣，這不知是不是好的現象，讓人擔心。(日本養殖新聞)

2013 鰻苗一尾170元 業者透過香港走私到日本

陳明文：鰻苗一尾170元　業者透過香港走私到日本

2013年01月3日 13:35

記者王文萱／台北報導

受氣候及環境影響，近來鰻苗捕獲量下降，導致價格頻漲。民進黨立委陳明文3日指出，鰻苗走私猖獗，加上日本常以高價收購鰻苗，導致走私業者不斷將鰻苗走私至日本，讓台灣養殖業者苦無鰻苗可養，僅能飼養一般魚類，造成供需不平衡。

陳明文表示，鰻魚在台灣出口水產品中獨佔鰲頭，也是外銷產值最高的產業，但近3年來受氣候及環境變遷，鰻魚捕獲量不甚理想，導致養殖業者叫苦連天。

陳明文指出，以去年捕獲量來說，鰻苗捕獲量不到300公斤，而台灣目前入池的鰻苗只有約20公斤，其餘全走私日本；鰻苗價格更是水漲船高，從1990年開始，一尾10元，但前年卻是一尾價70元，而現在更是飆漲至一尾170元的天價。

▲民進黨立委陳明文指出，鰻苗走私猖獗，加上日本常以高價收購鰻苗，導致走私業者不斷將鰻苗走私至日本，讓台灣養殖業者苦無鰻苗可養。(圖／記者王文萱攝)

2007年起，台灣宣布每年11月至隔年3月的鰻苗捕撈期，皆禁止鰻苗出口。不過陳明文表示，日本卻發現自2007年底開始，未曾出口的香港鰻苗卻銷至日本，2008年更高達5噸。

陳明文說，由於香港鰻苗產季與台灣一致，且過去未曾聽聞香港有鰻苗捕撈情事，日本研判為台灣禁止鰻苗出口後，漁民走私至香港的鰻魚，再經由香港銷至日本。為顧及養殖業者的生計，以及遏止鰻苗走私的情形，營業署應責無旁貸，必須嚴加審查。

台灣區鰻魚發展基金會董事長郭瓊英表示，整個產業價格下跌，最主要原因為「沒有鰻苗」，由於鰻苗被賣到日本，導致鰻苗過少。但所有養殖業者設備齊全，卻反而「不知道要養什麼」，因為若養殖其他種類的魚類，「又會打亂產業平衡」。

「只是希望討一口飯吃。」郭瓊英說，希望能將鰻苗留在台灣，也請政府相關單位加強緝私，嚴加禁止管制出口，即使現在還有一大段捕撈鰻苗的時間，但大多數鰻苗都已被「走私出去了」，也懇求有關單位能盡力讓鰻苗留在台灣。

農委會擬開放鰻苗出口日本 恐害慘本土養殖業

農委會擬開放鰻苗出口日本　恐害慘本土養殖業

https://m.ctee.com.tw/livenews/ch/20171122003577-260405

最近漁業署密集召開會議，擬開放台灣補到的鰻苗出口到日本，農委會主委林聰賢今赴立院備詢時也遭立委質疑，若日本能購得便宜的台灣鰻苗，台灣本土鰻魚養殖業就失去低養殖成本的優勢，勢必會遭到重創，失去外銷占比高達8成的日本市場。

近來因國際環保組織指責日本鰻苗多靠走私而來，來源不明，擬向瀕臨絕種野生動植物國際貿易公約（CITES）提案，將日本鰻列入附錄二的物種，未來交易將受到管制，應檢附非違法補獲的證明文件。日本為了要讓鰻苗控管透明化，希望台灣開放鰻苗可合法出口至日本，杜絕非法走私。

台灣養鰻業者向立委張麗善陳情，台灣養鰻高達8成都外銷到日本，若鰻苗能出口，滿足了日本投苗需求，未來恐怕就無需仰賴從台灣進口的鰻魚，再來，由於台灣苗價便宜，日本若能穩定取得便宜的鰻苗，台灣也失去低成本的養殖優勢，無法與日本國內養殖的鰻魚競爭，台灣開放鰻苗出口，無異是殺雞取卵的行為。

張麗善也批，農委會就算要拍日本馬屁跟抱大腿，也不該將鰻魚養殖戶的生存當作籌碼，否則台灣養鰻產業恐將徹底凋零，批民進黨政府要逼台灣農民、漁民無路可走。

林聰賢表示，台灣鰻魚養殖過去相當興盛，但到現在養殖戶僅剩下3成，這3成的養殖鰻苗有穩定供應源後，剩下的鰻苗也有去化的問題，他坦言，台灣近年許多鰻苗會透過香港走私到日本，因此開放鰻苗賣到日本，可望成為制度化的交流，做好管制。

漁業署長陳添壽表示，現在是與業者們討論，日本沒有指導台灣要怎麼做，只是提醒CITES以後會有所管理，交易資訊應該要透明，現階段就是開放討論，漁業署一定會尊重養殖業者的意見。

鰻苗擬開放全年可出口 農委會：坦然面對走私

http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/2261841

017-11-22 21:38

〔記者吳欣恬／台北報導〕每年11月至隔年2月是國內鰻苗捕撈季，這4個月禁止鰻苗出口。現在傳出將開放這段時間也能出口，有業者擔心恐使台灣鰻魚業者喪失價格競爭力，農委會今天更遭立委批是「抱日本大腿」。對此，農委會主林聰賢指，是為了要坦然面對長期以來鰻苗走私的非法行為。

• 
  每年11月至隔年2月是國內鰻苗捕撈季。圖為鰻苗。（資料照，記者楊金城攝）
• 
  根據漁業署資料，去年國內鰻苗捕撈量2250萬尾，鰻魚產量4594公噸。圖為亞成鰻。（資料照，記者林敬倫攝）

國民黨立委張麗善指出，近期接獲國內鰻苗業者陳情，全球環保組織想向瀕臨絕種野生動植物國際貿易公約CITES提案，把日本鰻魚列入附錄2物種，因此日本以資源控管透明化為由，要求台灣全年開放鰻苗出口。

張麗善指出，今年8、9月漁業署已陸續召開4次討論台日鰻苗貿易的會議，本月23日將再召開「研討鰻苗出口管制會議」。她表示，近期收到養鰻業者陳情，指養殖戶的聯合社、出口的鰻蝦輸出公會多次開會決議鰻苗「不開放出口」，認為開放後對台灣業者一點好處都沒有。業者更不排除上街頭抗爭。

業者陳情指出，台灣養殖鰻魚有8成都外銷至日本，假如鰻苗能出口，日本滿足了鰻苗需求後，就無須仰賴台灣的鰻魚。再加上開放後日本也能拿到便宜的苗，台灣低成本養殖優勢不再，將難以競爭，形同殺雞取卵。

根據漁業署資料，去年國內鰻苗捕撈量2250萬尾，鰻魚產量4594公噸，以4尾1公斤的尺寸和6尾1公斤的尺寸，換算約1837萬尾至2756萬尾，差距不大。但漁業署官員指出，每年有「很大量」的鰻苗自台灣走私出口，這些數量不會上報捕撈量，漁業署一直想要查，但很難查，成效不大。

日本在每年的「土用丑日」（約國曆7月19日至8月7日）有食用鰻魚的習慣，因此會希望較早放養鰻魚以便收成趕上需求，但鰻苗到日本的時間較晚，約晚台灣1個月，因此這段時間對台灣鰻苗有大量需求。

官員指出，台灣鰻魚養殖產業日漸萎縮，全球市佔率從20%、30%減至現在現在僅3%至5%。早已不敵中國。2007年起規定鰻苗捕撈季禁止出口，是因為和日本產業競爭，所以互相管制，但現在這項原因已經不符現實了。

農委會主委林聰賢表示，國內這幾年有透過第3方走私鰻苗，甚至還有透過香港走私到日本的情況，過去對此一直都是消極作為，現在要坦然面對，因此才開始討論是否開放鰻苗銷日，是希望透過制度化的交流，把管制做好。

漁業署署長陳添壽也強調，如果要開放，一定是台日雙方都開放，對內也要取得業界共識，「日本沒有要求我們要怎麼做」。陳添壽指，開放出口後走私一定會減少，「如果開放了何必要走私？」

Mystery of the eel: Europe’s own ivory trade

Mystery of the eel: Europe’s own ivory trade

By Paola Tamma | EURACTIV.com

The European Commission has proposed a ban on eel fishing in the Atlantic, in an attempt to recover the dwindling stock of the European eel, a critically endangered species that is traded illegally by an industry that is worth millions of euros.

Eels are mysterious animals: more than 100 million years old, they are born in the Sargasso Sea in the Caribbean and transported by the Gulf Stream to the coast of Europe, stretching from Egypt to Norway.

Here, baby eels known as ‘elvers’ swim upstream into freshwater basins, where they grow for up to 20 years before making the journey back to the Caribbean and spawn.

But since the 1980s, the number of eels reaching Europe has declined by 95%, and similar declines have been observed in the US and Asia.

Scientists point to a combination of factors: overfishing, parasites, and human-made barriers to the eel’s migration such as disruption to watercourses. And more recently, illegal trade.

“The eel story is one of fighting with man-made engineering over the past 150 years,” said Andrew Kerr of the Sustainable Eel Group.

The EU-funded research project AMBER mapped more than 1.3 million barriers (turbines, dams, water pumps) which stop and kill migratory fish like salmon and eel.

And unlike all other fish, the eel cannot be farmed: no scientist has ever witnessed eels mating, so all efforts to save eel stocks rely on elvers caught in the wild.

Restocking by raising eels to release later in the wild has shown some results since it was first implemented, but since 2015 there has been little progress.

Eel law

In 2007 the EU adopted a regulation to save the eel from extinction, requiring states to meet a 40% ‘escapement target’ (the proportion of fish that should be able to reach the sea and spawn), and 19 EU countries promised to save the eel by limiting fishing, reducing man-made barriers, and restocking their rivers and wetlands with farmed eel.

In its latest proposal, the European Commission seeks to “prohibit fishing of eels for all Union waters, following scientific advice emphasising the importance of ceasing all fisheries that target spawners, until there is clear evidence of improvement of the state of the stock”.

But the Commission’s ban on marine fisheries of eel does not impact the illegal trade, according to  Florian Stein, a researcher on the subject: “It sounds nice, but it is very insignificant since there are not much eel fisheries there. Banning fisheries in the marine waters will not save the eel.”

The EU’s competence to regulate fisheries stops at the coast – freshwater, where most eel fisheries (and poaching of elvers) happens, is the prerogative of member states. Yet only France has adopted an eel quota, and reports suggest that it is little enforced.

Europe’s own ivory trade

What’s more, despite the fact that in 2009 the EU banned all trade in eel, every year half of the total European catch of elvers is smuggled illegally outside of Europe, mainly to China, where they farmed, fattened, and sold on as smoked eel.

“Eel food culture in Asia, especially in Japan, is so dominant,” said Stein, “I can’t really think about a European product that is as popular as the eel in Japan. They have an eel holiday. The cultural value is just huge.”

And the economic value too: whereas 1kg of elvers sells for between €100 and €300 on the European legal market, it can be sold illegally for €1,500 or even more, because for every kilo of elvers, there are profits to be made in the millions.

Juan Luis García was at the head of a joint Europol operation which in 2016 led to the arrest of 23 people in Spain and more than €6 million in goods being confiscated. This single criminal cell, exporting elvers from Spain to Hong Kong through Italy and Greece, smuggled seven tonnes in one year.

The Spanish environmental police has been dealing with the illegal eel trade for years: it has arrested fishermen and smugglers, but since the profits are so high, there will be illegal trade, says Luis García: “If you invest €1 in elvers and €1 in cocaine, eels are much more profitable than cocaine.”

The eel comes full cycle

Europol intelligence proves that European eels are finding their way back to Europe, as smoked eel products are falsely labeled as ‘Japanese eel’.

“The only way is to stifle illegal trade is to hit the illegal organisations in China, and control the imports that are made of it,”said Luis García. Under his lead, Europol is initiating a collaboration with Chinese authorities to stop this lucrative trade.

But for now, the phenomenon is growing: the Japanese eel newspaper reported that in 2015, 15 tonnes of European eel elvers were introduced into Asian aquaculture farms. In the winter of 2016/2017, this doubled to 30 tonnes. According to Luis García, this is a very low estimate – he thinks it is double, “probably more”.

“In Europe we have a problem with the eel. It is a species that is in danger, and so far we have not done much.”

2018 年度鰻苗情報⑮ー11 月 21 日ー】 2017 年 11 月 21 日

【2018 年度日本國內外鰻苗情報⑮ー11 月 21 日ー】 2017 年 11 月 21 日
昨晚，所有的條件都到位，北部宜蘭全區域總共 60 艘船出海作業，但是卻早早就返行歸港了。
昨晚，不論是氣候或是海上的狀況，全部都是抓魚的好條件，北部宜蘭全區域總共 60 艘船抱著期待出海作業。但是，鰻苗卻抓不到，還是沒有鰻苗?大多數的船隻在 9 點多就回港了。海邊的業者說「有抓到的約 10 多隻，其他都是個位數，完全白作工，所以就收網停止捕撈了」。

今天，去宜蘭頭城的商社人士說「在海邊時，我有問了一下，大多數的看法都是因為曆制的關係，現在離正式漁期還早。」昨晚抓到的鰻苗(見下面照片)，看到這鰻苗，跟當初所說形態小僅有 5.8 公分的完全不同，是一般的尺寸。

另外有商社人士的看法，從過去的進口資料來看，11 月的數量多少有抓到和抓不到的年度，這與「歉收」與否的結果息息相關。現在預測豐收或歉收或許還太早，但是業界所有的人希望豐收越早出現越好的心情是不會變的。

北部宜蘭縣頭城的港口正在等待時機出去作業的捕鰻苗船。昨晚捕撈到的鰻苗，感謝當地業者熱情提供。

2018年十一月19日玻璃鰻資訊

[2018國內玻璃鰻資訊⑬年十一月19日]

昨天晚上, 玻璃鰻的捕魚是一種擺脫風和高浪的方法.

昨天晚上, 是海洋的風, 是從海浪中捕魚的. 雖然天氣更糟糕, 但據說漁夫的意見不會去釣魚, 因為他不捕魚, 它沒有任何意義. 今晚是一波的波浪, 但有多久的玻璃鰻船?

[2018日本國家幼苗資料], ⑬年十一月19日, 19年十一月2017日.
昨晚宜蘭的漁場因為風強浪高，所以鰻苗船幾乎沒有出去作業。
昨晚宜蘭海面風強浪高，所以鰻苗船幾乎沒有出去作業。天候惡劣的原因也有，因為看不到漁影，漁民說「就算出去也抓不到苗，只是徒勞無功罷了!!」
認為出海沒有意思。今晚風浪會變小，到底會有多少漁船出去作業呢?(訊息提供:日本養殖新聞)

霧鎖八五

20171114 於高雄港駁二碼頭路 （the Bro-Er pier, Kaohsiung city, Nov. 14, 2017)

2018鰻苗資訊⑦-⑦年十一月14日

【2018年度国内外シラスウナギ情報⑦ー11月14日ー】

🔻昨晩は、出漁船大幅減り、しかも漁果2kgいかない！

昨晩の北部宜蘭縣の頭城、礁渓など主漁場四地域の船舶の漁獲量は、採った船で前日並の400尾以上も、それ以外は100尾前後。ただ、前日当て込んで80隻以上出漁したが漁果(ひと船あたり油代含めて400-500尾位が採算線)が悪いことから、昨晩は30隻位と大幅に減ってしまい、漁果もあわせて2kg弱に終った(四地域の定置網、手すくい含む)ーと、現地商社筋は言う。一方の北中部花蓮縣は、昨年、一昨年と出足でそれなりの採捕、漁獲があったが、今年は全く採れていない。それに、南部屏東縣は、情報もなく始まっていないようだ。
関係商社筋は、解禁後これまでの採捕、漁獲量について「あって、合わせても7-8kg止まりだろう」と見ている。

[張贊化][2018國內玻璃鰻資訊⑦-⑦年十一月14日]

UK’s disappearing eels

UK’s disappearing eels

https://www.ft.com/content/6acbbc1e-3588-11df-963f-00144feabdc0

It is bitingly cold as two men in rubber waders push their small boat out into the current of the Suffolk Stour in the dim first light of a December morning. The hands of the man crouching in the bow are raw with the chill as he gropes for a rope hidden somewhere beneath the surface. Britain is in the grip of a harsh winter and the silver eel fishing season is drawing to a close. Undeterred, he hauls on the rope and slowly the folds of a fyke net begin to appear. The effort required to lift the long conical trap pulls the craft upstream against the current as the low sun catches droplets of icy water, held for a moment sparkling in the mesh. The net appears to be empty until, as the final few feet clear the surface, there is a blur of thrashing movement. Reaching in, Adam Piper, fisheries officer, grabs his prize. Or at least he tries to. Because nothing is more slippery than an eel. The whole scene would be a timeless slice of country life in East Anglia were it not for the Environment Agency pick-up truck parked nearby, complete with an array of electronic tagging gadgetry. The method of fishing may be traditional, but this is part of an unprecedented wave of scientific inquiry into a species that remains largely mysterious: Anguilla anguilla, the European eel. With its snake-like appearance, slimy skin, nocturnal habits and near-mythical ability to slither over wet grass and mud from one watercourse to the next, the eel has often been the subject of fascinated revulsion. To many anglers, it is an unwelcome catch, since its strength means the experience is closer to wrestling than fishing. Eels have a primitive nervous system and are notoriously difficult to kill; even chopping off the head results in the unsettling spectacle of the fish writhing around for minutes as if unharmed. Tenacious it may be, but even so, this ancient inhabitant of Europe’s rivers is fast disappearing, its population apparently in freefall. In a story of scientific mystery, climate change, business interests and tangled political intervention, the lowly eel has become one of Europe’s top conservation priorities. “Eels are in crisis,” says Heidi Stone, the Environment Agency’s fisheries policy manager. “There’s a real sense of urgency. Eels have more protection than salmon now.” Eels were once so plentiful they were used as currency. Medieval records show that in 1201, payment for Glastonbury Abbey’s £13 in assize rent from the surrounding manor comprised “3,000 eels from the fishing at Stathe weir”. More recently, in the same area of the south-west, where the funnel-shaped Severn estuary collects the tiny incoming eels as they arrive from their Atlantic spawning grounds, local fishers with dip nets have found them a lucrative sideline. At their peak price a few years ago of up to £600 a kilo, eels offered rich pickings: some fishers could net up to 12kg in a good night at the peak of the spring season. “There were pound coins running up these rivers,” says Stone. In a hard-pressed rural economy, certain locals were making up to £30,000 a year from selling the minuscule juvenile eels on to distributors that shipped them to fish farms in Europe and Asia. As eels have never been bred successfully in captivity, wild stocks are the only source of fish for the aquaculture industry. The little elvers command premium prices from farms that buy in hundreds of thousands of them and grow them on to maturity for sale as food; they are a particular delicacy in parts of Asia, where fish farms pay the highest prices – it is expected that France will export 14.5 tonnes of glass eels to China this year, and there are reports of prices up to €800 a kilo. In an age when goods flow relentlessly from the factories of the east to the shops of the west, the eel swims against the current, a profitable western export to the east. Though it is a culinary delight in many countries, in Britain the eel has long been the food of the poor. Abundant and easily caught from turbid urban waters, the jellied eel became the archetypal symbol of London’s working class Cockney cuisine. The dish of chopped eels, boiled in a spiced stock that is allowed to cool and set into a jelly, grew popular in the 18th century and is still sold in the pie and mash shops of the East End. But the eels you’ll find in those pie and mash shops now come from Northern Ireland or the Netherlands. Eels were one of the first species to recolonise the Thames estuary after it was declared “biologically dead” in the 1960s due to industrialisation. But the Thames population has crashed in the past five years, falling by as much as 98 per cent, according to recent research from the Zoological Society of London. And down in the south-west, most fishers have given up catching the tiny elvers: the haul is no longer worth the effort of long nights spent wading in frigid water. The fact – and there are precious few facts when it comes to eels – is that the number of immature “glass eels” reaching Britain’s shores has dropped by more than 90 per cent in three decades, and the trend is accelerating. Details beyond that become hazy. The numbers of older, “yellow” eels in Britain’s river systems are down too, probably by about 60 to 85 per cent, depending on location, though there are scant data available. And no one can say with confidence how many mature “silver” eels leave Britain’s rivers to return to sea and complete their lifecycle by spawning. Eels are under threat from all sides. The ocean currents of the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift that carry their larvae back to land from their place of birth out in the Atlantic are shifting direction as sea temperatures rise, and so many of the larvae are missing European shores altogether. In addition, our rivers are increasingly blocked by manmade structures and punctuated by hydro power intakes whose turbines act as mincing machines. Commercial trawlers take millions of glass eels a year from the Bay of Biscay, wetland habitat has decreased dramatically, and a parasite introduced from Asia has infected the European population. Or perhaps something else entirely could be causing the population crash. No one knows for sure. A host of scientific research projects, ranging from radio tagging at sea to increased population counts and surveys of the effects of river barriers, is in full swing and could provide some answers in the next few years. But for now, the conundrum for scientists is daunting. How do you save a species that is in steep population decline when it is under heavy fishing pressure, enduring habitat loss, being attacked by a potentially devastating parasite, suffering the effects of climate change; when it cannot be bred in captivity; and when there are almost no reliable data on population numbers and spawning success? That eels spawn in the Sargasso sea is one of those snippets of schoolroom trivia that most people know and accept without question. In fact they have never been observed spawning anywhere at sea. Johannes Schmidt, a scientist who married into the Carlsberg brewery family, was the first to identify eel larvae at sea (they’re shaped like willow leaves) during a voyage in the 1920s. He noticed they were smaller near the Sargasso Sea and became larger as the ship neared Europe’s continental shelf. He concluded that eels spawned in the Sargasso, an area in the middle of the north Atlantic with particularly calm waters which encompasses the Bermuda Triangle. His theory has never been disproved. The transparent larvae, known as leptocephali (small heads), drift on sea currents until they reach European shores as glass eels. They then wriggle up river estuaries and into freshwater systems where they will feed, grow and spend most of their lives. In large densities, such as those traditionally found in the rivers Severn, Wye and Parrett, which all drain into the Bristol Channel, the majority of glass eels, or elvers, remain male. But where densities are low, such as the rivers on the east coast of England like the Suffolk Stour, many change from male to female to improve the odds of successful spawning. That is just one of the eel’s unique characteristics. The fish can also survive on land for long periods by sealing water within its gills, and can leave the water and travel over land from one resting place to the next. After about seven years for males, and up to 12 for females (though they have been caught in fresh water at up to 25 years old), the yellow eels mature into silver eels, which migrate back down the river and disappear out to sea. What happens after that is still a mystery, although some radio tagging experiments are now under way that should reveal where they end up. Tagging experiments have already revealed more about how eels migrate, suggesting, for example, that they swim closer to the surface during the night. But scientists have not yet built up a full picture of their migration routes. In scientific terms, the eel’s life cycle appears capricious. “It is senseless to spawn in the sea, where there are more predators, and then feed in fresh water where there is less food,” says veteran fisheries biologist and author Richard Shelton. Indeed, the pattern of the eel’s life presents an almost perfect mirror image of the Atlantic salmon, which spawns in the relative safety of fresh water and then feeds on the abundance of the sea. “The salmon’s life cycle seems to make much more sense,” says Shelton. “That is until you realise that there is a niche in freshwater for a fish that burrows into the silt. Only the eel fits that niche. And we know nature abhors a vacuum.” A concerted Europe-wide effort to save an endangered species is a rare thing, even more so when the species in question is as slimy and generally media-unfriendly as the eel. But those who would write the endeavour off as a quirk of Brussels are missing something: the European eel industry is worth tens of millions of euros a year. “Politics always comes down to money,” says Heidi Stone at the Environment Agency, “never to conservation.” In Britain, only a handful of people make a living from eel fishing, and the UK accounts for less than 2 per cent of the European catch. But in continental Europe, eel fishing is a much more important business – some 30,000 tonnes of glass eels are caught across Europe each year, many of which are exported to China. “In France, there are entire villages geared towards fishing for eels,” says Stone. It is this economic imperative that has brought the promise of protection by Brussels. In response, the European Union has implemented a continent-wide stock recovery programme, instructing member states to ensure that 40 per cent of the number of eels that would exist in pristine conditions survive to migrate back to sea. In the UK, Stone and her colleagues are taking Brussels’ drive to save the eel seriously. “If EU countries don’t achieve their targets, they will be penalised. There are big charges for infraction, potentially hundreds of millions.” But urgency is relative when it comes to European politics. The UK’s plans have still not been approved by the Commission even though the regulations were introduced in 2007. And a bigger problem is whether such targets make sense at all. There are no data on what could be considered a pristine population of eels, and scientists have precious little idea of how many silver eels are escaping back to sea to spawn. Eels, as the experts will tell you, are slippery customers, notoriously difficult to catch in surveys. “What we are really trying to do is find out what the status of the eel stocks is,” admits Miran Aprahamian, principal scientist at the Environment Agency. “For most of our rivers, we are in a data-poor area. We have not got a good quality baseline for all our rivers.” The agency team is stepping up monitoring and using information from areas where it has better-quality survey data to create computer models of populations in other river basins. After some persuasion, Aprahamian reluctantly offers an estimate of how many silver eels are currently migrating from British waters – three million eels, or about 1,200 tonnes. “We haven’t got a bundle of confidence in it,” he concedes. Yet conservation programmes cannot wait for accurate data. Nor can biologists do much about marine survival and spawning. What they can do is to make sure eels can migrate up and down our watercourses. Since the second world war, thousands of old wooden weirs, gates, tidal barriers and sluices in rivers – all of which let eels slip through – have been replaced with ultra-efficient concrete and steel structures, which don’t. This change has created impassable barriers to migration. The eel pass at Greylake Sluice on the King’s Sedgemoor Drain, which cuts a line across the Somerset levels, does not look very impressive. It’s really just a metal gutter lined with plastic bristles that has water trickling through it. Even Andy Don, project co-ordinator of the UK’s eel management plan, did not expect much when he installed it last year. A couple of nights later, he settled down to watch the images from the CCTV camera stationed above it. He couldn’t believe what he saw. “I thought we might get a couple of hundred using it. We had no idea. Then we got more than 10,000 in that one night. It just went on and on for hours.” It turns out that the King’s Sedgemoor Drain, which joins the River Parrett (one of the main rivers to which glass eels return from the sea), is an eel superhighway. And no one knew. In fact, wherever Don has installed an eel pass – and the number is growing fast – it has soon been used by hundreds if not thousands of eels. “Put in a pass and suddenly you enable huge tracts of habitat to become available,” he says. The simplest way to help eels might be just to stop fishing for them. But that would remove the political imperative that underlies the rescue plan. Instead, the fishing season has been curtailed and quotas have been set to limit the quantities of glass eels that can be shipped to Asia. But while trawlers might well be taking a toll, Stone says the British eel fishing industry, which is restricted to dip nets, does little damage: “As long as it’s small and controlled it is beneficial, because if you don’t have commercial fishing, we couldn’t bid for European fisheries funding.” Peter Wood is quick to agree. He is Britain’s only glass eel entrepreneur. Spotting the potential of the fishery in the south-west, he set up UK Glass Eels in Gloucester decades ago to buy the elvers from fishermen and export them across Europe, winning a Queen’s Award in the process. UK Glass Eels now controls pretty much the entire British elver trade. Wood points to loss of habitat as the prime factor in the eel’s decline, but is unequivocal on the threat. “The species is not at risk,” he declares. “Eels will not become extinct. What is at risk is the aquaculture industry in Europe, which is worth millions of euros.” His catches peaked in 1979 at 100 tonnes of glass eels, made up of about 300 million of the little fish. But even then that was unusual – typical annual catches were closer to 30 tonnes. Reports suggest last year’s catch was less than a tonne, but Wood will confirm only that it was his worst year. “I don’t want to tell you the exact number because I don’t want my competitors to know,” he says. All his catch last year was sold for fishery restocking programmes in Ireland, Sweden, Belgium, Germany and the Czech Republic, though in a normal year 40 to 50 per cent would go to aquaculture. He believes the European plan to create a sustainable fishery is welcome but has little faith in its implementation. In fact, quota rules are already being flouted on the Continent, he says. “Under the plan, 35 per cent of the European catch last year should have been reserved for restocking, with the quota increased every year,” he says. “But it just has not happened because of the huge prices paid by the Asian market. There’s nowhere we can purchase glass eels for restocking. There’s a good plan in place, we just need to follow it. But the French are ignoring it.” Back on the Suffolk Stour, Adam Piper is hunched in the bow of his boat, staring at a tiny LCD screen set into a grey plastic box. As he floats down the river, the electronic gadgetry suddenly issues a string of beeps. He smiles as if meeting an old friend, which in a way, he is. The screen flashes up the number 62291, the code for a fish that he has recently tagged and released. Suddenly he is hearing four or five fish at the same time, each emitting different code numbers. His hands, almost raw from the cold and damp, twiddle frantically with the receiver. “It’s nice to find them and know that they are still there and surviving,” says Piper. “I always wonder what happens to them so it’s great to go down the river and encounter them again. I’ll often find a fish in the same place for a few days and then the next day it will suddenly be miles on.” Piper has started a programme of tagging silver eels and has installed hydrophone receivers at various locks, sluices and turbine intakes to follow the fishes’ progress downstream. “The idea is to find out how quickly eels migrate, when they go, how long it takes them and if they can pass barriers. We need to know how many make it to sea and whether they are delayed by structural barriers or possibly killed by pumps and turbines.” Piper has given up his managerial role at the Environment Agency to pursue his research as a PhD project, taking a hefty pay cut in the process. But he is adamant the research must be carried out quickly. “Eels are just a remarkable species and there are massive gaps in our knowledge about their life cycle. We need to be studying all possible factors that may be causing the decline. We have to find out as much as we can about these fish before it’s too late.” The eel’s best hope now could be, perversely, the aquaculture industry itself. No one has yet bred eels in captivity, and so all the elvers grown in fish farms must come from the wild. The race to breed eels is on, however, and scientists from the Netherlands and Japan are thought to be getting close to achieving their goal. The latest theory is that the stress on the eels’ muscles during their long journey back to the Sargasso Sea triggers sexual maturity and spawning, so scientists are using tanks with strong currents to replicate the experience of ocean migration. Eggs have been successfully hatched but so far no larvae have grown into elvers. Success with captive breeding might relieve at least one of the pressures on the dwindling eel population. And, given the value of the eel industry worldwide, it would be a highly profitable discovery, reflects the man in charge of managing Britain’s wild stocks, Andy Don. “The company that does that is going to be minted.” Bob Sherwood is the FT’s London and south-east correspondent. He writes about fishing for the magazine’s Pursuits section. A lifetime on the riverbank At secret locations on the Dorset River Stour and the Hampshire Avon, Roger Castle has been catching eels for three decades. Probably England’s last remaining professional silver eel fisherman, the 75-year-old is still to be found on the riverbank on the coldest and darkest autumn nights, catching the fish in his traditional wooden eel rack and fyke nets. The former biology teacher has been making a living like this since 1979. Hardly any wooden eel racks, once common on England’s great estates, are still in use. But under cover of darkness, Castle operates his rack, which throws eels up from the water on to its wooden staging and allows them to be kept alive within the structure’s submerged baskets. Early in the morning he checks the success of his fyke nets, often braving icy floodwaters to bring them in. “It’s cold, wet and uncomfortable,” he says, “but it is very exciting. It’s a rural tradition and it’s become a way of life for me. But it’s not an easy way to make money. And it’s dangerous in heavy water.” The best time of year to catch silver eels is October and November, though Castle fishes from June to December. New moons are best, he says, although the fish will migrate at any time of year if the river is in flood. In the best seasons, Castle used to catch a tonne and a half of fish, all of which were bound for a Somerset smokery. These days, his catches have halved. He insists he takes only a tiny part of the breeding stock and says it is French trawlers that do the real damage. But he does not know how long he can go on. Fishing seasons are being shortened to aid conservation and, combined with falling catches, his livelihood is under threat. “I’ll be saddened if a lifetime’s work is ended prematurely,” he says. “If I thought I was even a small cause of the problem, I would stop of my own volition.”

20171030，鹿兒島觀賞魚進口批發的神社魚類孵化出鰻魚苗約3萬條

〜先月３０日、ニホンウナギの仔魚約３万尾を得る／大手養鰻業者の鹿児島鰻が観賞魚輸入卸の神畑養魚と共同研究〜

大手養鰻業者の㈱鹿児島鰻（鹿児島県大崎町）と観賞魚輸入卸の神畑養魚㈱（兵庫県姫路市）は先月30日、ニホンウナギの人工ふ化に成功し、仔魚（プレレプトセファルス）約3万尾を得た。


人工ふ化は1973年、北海道大が初めて成功させ、近年では栃木県内の馬頭高校が2011年12月に、愛媛県宇和島市の宇和島水産高校が2015年2月にそれぞれ、人工ふ化を成功させているなか、今回は養鰻業者初の快挙。
　

周知のようにニホンウナギは環境省、またIUCN（国際自然保護連合）により、絶滅危惧種に指定、また2年後に行われるワシントン条約締約国会議を控える等、先行き不安が高まっている。鹿児島鰻の斎藤雅之社長（31歳）は近年のウナギ資源動向を懸念、「ウナギ資源が減少する中、私どももただ養殖するのではなく、何か出来ないものか」と考えを巡らしていた中で、加工メーカー・奈良の土岩久和社長に紹介された、観賞魚全般の輸入卸で、繁殖も手掛けている神畑養魚の山中幸利（ゆきとし）取締役部長、石元健太（30歳）氏にコンタクト。シラスウナギ約100匹を同社の南九州養殖センターに移し、2014年春に人工ふ化の研究をスタートさせた。


担当の石元氏は「これまでの他魚種と異なり、ウナギはある意味、深海魚で、何から何まで勝手が違い、これまでのやり方がまったく通じませんでした。専門書、あるいは論文を熟読しつつ、試行錯誤の連続でした」と話す。今年1月、初めて人工ふ化を成功させていたが、「僅か30匹と、たまたまという感じもあり、公表はせずその後も研究を重ねていました」（斎藤社長）と振り返る。


研究スタートから約3年半の月日をかけた9月30日、人工ふ化が成功、約3万尾の仔魚（プレレプトセファルス）を得た。「右も左も分からず、苦労しながらの研究で今回の成功にはただただ感動しました。30万粒から約3万尾のふ化率10％と、まだまだ低いわけですが、ある程度はコツをつかめたので早い段階で高水準までもっていきたいですね」と意気込む。なお、5日現在で約100匹が生残している。


斎藤社長は今回の人工ふ化成功を受け、「早いうちに完全養殖を実現させ、資源保護の観点からも人工ウナギを少しでも一般流通に乗せたいですね。資源問題がクローズアップされるなか、ただ養殖するだけではなく、こうして資源を考えた働きかけも行っていることを広くアピールしたい。こうした動きがさらに広まり、業界全体の底上げ、ひいてはウナギ文化継承に少しでも貢献出来れば」と思いを語った。


［画像は上から、受精卵＜受精直後＞→受精後１３．５時間→ふ化前→０日齢→２日齢→３日齢］＜写真提供：神畑養魚＞

2017-10-06 16:55 

日本鰻魚的完全養殖是成功的，但仍然還不能商業化

日本養殖新聞新增了 2 張相片。

17 小時 · 

ニホンウナギ人工生産熱が民間で最近、やたら高まっていますね😳

ちなみに現段階の状況を話しますと、ニホンウナギの完全養殖は成功しています。しかし、未だ商業ベースには乗っていません。

人工シラス（ニホンウナギの稚魚）は年間で最高約1500尾が生産されてますが、日本が必要とするシラスは昨年ベースで約1億匹なんです。

ウナギの幼生（レプトセファルス:体が平べったい）から、シラスウナギまでに育てるのが至難の技なんです💦

1500尾×1億尾

要するに、完全養殖ウナギの商業ベース化がいかに難しいか、ということです。

うなぎの完全養殖 鰻魚人工育苗

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AVOUbKGGxl0



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kB0Y_m0zWM

邵族的白鰻祭

每年七月初三，向祖靈獻上白鰻的傳統祭典—邵族「拜鰻祭」

十月 12, 2017

|分類：全部文章

|作者：編輯部

作者：張慈 Ci Zhang (https://gushi.tw/matansuun-thao-ceremony-of-eel/)

「白鰻祭是邵族的傳統祭典，以糯米做成白鰻形狀祭祖，祈求來年好漁獲。」

騎了半個小時的山路，停在一戶人家前。門前的柏油路用幾根木棍圍起來，旁邊一塊板子寫著「祭典舉行中，請勿進入」。

什麼？哪裡？這裡嗎？

我偷偷環顧一下四周。阿嬤、中年婦女屋內屋外來回走動，用我聽不懂的語言協調椅子跟手杖的擺放。屋簷下掛著「日月潭形象商圈伊達邵商店街」的木牌。我的朋友們稀鬆平常的靠著機車滑手機，並沒有要再移動去哪裡的意思。

祖靈籃

過一會兒，有人騎機車把「祖靈籃」載來了。「祖靈籃」是一個有把手的竹籃，裡面的衣服疊到快掉出來。去年來觀禮的 Kaisanan 說，祖靈籃裡面裝的衣服和首飾都是歷代流傳下來的，最下面一層的衣服可能兩百歲不只，比博物館收藏的還要有歷史。

祖靈籃 photo credit: Kaisanan; Uli

八點多的時候，二十多戶人家的祖靈籃已經差不多到齊，沿著雙黃線排成一列。先生媽（shinshii）也已經穿戴好傳統服飾，頭戴花環，背著手在門口清點祖靈籃，看哪家缺席。大愛電視台攝影機就緒了，只等開始。

三位先生媽把塑膠凳子拉到門口排好，撐著頭就開始唱歌。曲調是重複的，歌詞每句稍有不同。歌詞依序唱出每一家所有祖靈的名字。邵族語言沒有文字，他們怎麼記得？「這就是先生媽的訓練啊，他們遴選祭司的條件可是很嚴格的。」

先生媽不但要通過嚴格訓練，還需要祖靈認可。例如現場三個先生媽裡面最年輕的郭素秋（51歲），就是近兩年多次先生媽入夢，今年登上 lalu 島獲得祖靈認可後，才正式入行。

在現代化的衝擊下，族人漸漸外流，要不是素秋剛好是考古學博士，致力於保存傳統文化，先生媽這個終身義務又責任重大的職位並非人人都願意接手。

以前邵族的照片裡，都是同時有七八個先生媽坐成一排念祖靈的名字，現在只有三個人。一半的人力等於兩倍的辛苦，等到祖靈名字終於唱完，太陽都出來了，口也乾了。

我們一行 8 個年輕人還沒等袁家先生媽舉行完儀式，又轉移陣地到邵族另一邊的石家觀禮。

「在氏族分工下，不同的姓氏有不同的職責，唱歌、領袖等。過去擔任領袖職位的，現在只剩下石家跟袁家兩個。Lhnawanan 被政府音譯成袁家，Lhkatafatu 被譯成石家。」

「日本人要蓋水庫，邵族被強制遷到現在的伊達邵。然後國民政府又土地重劃，邵族的土地又變得更少，甚至演變成兩個頭目住在同一個部落（部落範圍以土地位置為準）的情形。頭目住得越來越近，有時連族人都會搞混不知道要把籃子送到哪裏，祖靈納悶『你是誰！』這樣。」

切白鰻

石家旁邊圍觀的人比較少，但是進度比較快，已經把白鰻堆成的小山端出來。石家頭目現場在門口樹上拔幾朵花，放在白鰻堆上做裝飾。先生媽拿著菜刀砧板，緩步走向白鰻堆。她挑了一條白鰻舉起來，對天大聲唱歌。

唱畢，開始挑選白鰻要切。挑選的時候菜刀還差點滑下桌子，還好及時攔住，令人捏把冷汗。切好後，先生媽用竹盤子端著請在旁邊觀禮的我們吃：「吃平安啦！」味道是單純的糯米，吃不出額外的糖或鹽巴。口感稍硬，嚼久了糯米的甜味才會出來。

祭白鰻 (photo credit: Kaisanan; Uli)

切完白鰻後，頭目說先生媽要休息一下，我們要拍照的現在可以進去「管制區」拍照，只要注意不要摸到祖靈籃就好。

湊近看，籃子裡面的首飾花花綠綠，有的還有貝殼、山豬牙。有些衣服因為太舊而失去了本來的顏色，但是仔細看仍然能看到人工織布、手工刺繡的紋理。反觀現代的衣服雖然顏色鮮豔，但是一看就知道是電繡，不知道一百年後還能不能像他的前輩一樣保存得這麼好。

祖靈籃和酒粕、手杖 photo credit: Kaisanan; Uli

先生媽差不多休息完了，拍照的大夥趕緊竄到木棍管制區外，讓她繼續下一階段的祭祀。頭目跟夫人一起把族人的祖靈籃、手杖、酒粕收到騎樓下，然後再把頭目家族的祖靈籃拿出來，單獨跟一碗小米酒一起祭拜。

因為天氣太熱，大家席地坐在頭目家旁邊的停車場納涼。穿著黑色吊嘎的頭目問：「你們要不要喝水？」大夥開著玩笑：「頭目家的水耶！聖水嗎？」一邊接過頭目給的礦泉水。

祭拜頭目祖靈的歌唱完了，先生媽端一碗酒出來，以指沾酒向天灑，口裡喃喃自語祈福。到這邊為止，祭祀差不多要告一段落。我們好奇另一邊的進度如何，又再騎機車回去。

袁家進度較慢，大約再重複了一次跟石家差不多的流程。站沒一下子，就看到剛剛石家的先生媽騎著電動車駕到。原來是因為袁家的先生媽歲數高了，體力稍微不堪負荷，石家的先生媽名牌都還沒拿下，自己的祭祀一結束就趕來支援。

等到灑酒儀式也結束，邵族族人一一把祖靈籃移動到騎樓，木棍就拿掉了。袁家的頭目把白鰻端進房子裡整理，切下白鰻的尾巴，也是收下族人的敬意，剩餘的部分則連著祖靈籃一起還給族人。

宴客

傳統上，頭目都會在白鰻祭結束的時候宴客，但是袁家前幾天已經請過了，所以我們回頭到石家吃午飯。抵達石家的時候，他們已經開吃了。看到客人來，吃飯的人熱情的招呼，拿碗筷、介紹桌上的菜。茭白筍、鮭魚、燻雞、刺蔥芋頭梗。

大人小孩都在客廳門廊或坐或站，生面孔們開始互相介紹。這個是西拉雅族、他是道卡斯族，他們都沒有身份。為什麼會沒有身份？

Kaisanan 慢慢的說：「當初政府開放登記原住民身份的時候，只在南投縣政府公告，資訊沒有傳達給居民。沒去登記的人政府沒有紀錄，就不承認他們的後代有身份。」

「最近平埔族群在爭取的正名運動，也是類似的處境。根據政大林修澈教授的估計，真正日本人註記『熟番』的人的後代，2001 年也差不多 15-20 萬人而已，並非 2300 萬人全民皆是平埔混血。漢人創造出『平埔族群都已經漢化到消失』的謊言，是為了掩蓋他們侵佔土地的事實。」

「現在情況也很難改善：既有法定原住民擔心政府承認平埔族群身份之後，資源會分不到、選票被搶走，屢屢跑出來混淆視聽，反而進一步加深族群之間的誤解。」

嚴肅的話題旁，頭目兩歲半的小兒子眼睛很大、睫毛很長，拿著玩具爬來走去。至寶阿嬤傳統服飾還穿著，手牽她心愛的馬爾濟斯靜靜的坐在門口。

傳統上，族人獻白鰻尾巴給頭目時也要附兩瓶酒，現在與時俱進變成罐裝啤酒，Bar Beer 跟海尼根。放在旁邊，想喝酒的人自己拿。我朋友被認識的人問到要不要喝，都以騎機車為由推辭掉了。我沒有被問。一直到吃完飯，也沒有看到誰喝醉。

Aitu 轉頭問我：「跟你一起來的女生呢？」我說：「剛剛她跟頭目的兒子說話，說著說著就被帶進裡面聊天了。我剛剛跟去看了一下，在介紹玩具呢。」我自己敘述起來也覺得蠻神奇的 — — 照原住民的歷史，我跟 Daphne 都是曾經迫害原住民的漢人呢。結果小孩子喜歡她，聊得投緣也就沒有什麼漢人不漢人的了。

飯後雨下得太久，我們就待在門廊聊天，一不注意她進去玩也已經一個小時多。我有點擔心又去看，只見她跟小孩子和樂融融的被玩具堆包圍，坐在軟墊上一起看卡通。

等到雨勢轉小，我們就暫別石家頭目，往下一站去了。

後記

因為我皮膚黑，朋友一直鼓勵我去查自己有沒有原住民血統。出於好奇，我還當真跑去戶政事務所查。承辦員很年輕，對這個業務似乎很不熟，在電腦前點來點去幾十分鐘都沒結果。他旁邊的男同事關心他，小聲的問：「她要辦什麼？」「她要查自己有沒有『原住民身份』（強調）。」男同事脖子伸長了，像是在說「怎麼會有人要查這個？」女承辦員笑了笑，像是回答「我也不知道，我也覺得很傻眼。」

那個無聲的肢體動作，坐在櫃台前的我看在眼裡。我並不責備他們怎麼會有這樣的反應，卻引發我省思是什麼樣的觀念會讓他們有這樣的反應。

然後我想起了主流文化對原住民的刻板印象——未開化的、貧窮的、教育程度低落的……。然後我想起我的原住民朋友，他們說起族群問題頭頭是道，就連我自己想要重述，都沒辦法同等清楚；他們有的國際論壇跑透透，有的勤上節目、做直播，有的創立組織、帶領文史工作坊。

比起庸庸碌碌生活的人，我更崇拜他們。

在那個櫃檯前，我感到淡淡的哀傷。

出戶政事務所的時候，剛好在下大雨。那天我們離開石家，雨一直沒有停，最後只好冒雨騎車，到家的時候褲子都濕了。朋友媽媽出來迎接，笑著說「我們小時候都是在這種雨跑回家的啦！」然後拿衣服借我換。

我撐開傘在雨中行走，褲腳仍然一點一點的被浸濕了。